Development is the process of creating growth, progress or positive change. This includes physical, economic, environmental and social components as well as human aspects of development like personality, morality and relationships with others. The goal of development is a rise in the level and quality of life for people worldwide without damaging the resources of our world.
One important feature of development is that it happens in different ways across cultures. This is why the field of development (also known as lifespan development) is such a large and diverse area of research. Cultural contexts are incredibly influential and much of what developmental theorists have described in the past has not been shown to apply to all cultures. However, we are slowly learning that culture can impact development in some very profound ways.
Some researchers hold that development is a continuous process while others believe that development occurs in discontinuous, qualitatively different stages. The former view is called a continuum while the latter is referred to as a stage theory. Examples of stage theories are the ones held by Freud, Erikson, and Piaget.
Ultimately, it is important for anyone who studies development to be aware of the fact that most theories are likely to be heavily influenced by the contexts in which they are being studied. Understanding this will help to ensure that the conclusions drawn from the research can be adapted for use in other cultures and regions. It will also enable us to better understand the limitations of these theories and how they might need to be modified or expanded.